Pure metals, on the other hand, are superlative conductors because, although their atoms are restrained by structure, their electrons are not… they’re free! Metals are good conductors of electricity because of the free electrons that is present in their outer shell that makes them good conductors of electricity. Metals contain valence electrons and these electrons are free to move from one place to another. The metallic bond is the force of attraction between these free electrons and metal ions.Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat. This is the most accepted fact that for any thing to transmit electricity by being a good conductor they need more free electrons in their outer shell metals are good in conducting electricity because the electrons in metals move freely that can act as a glue that also bonds all of the atoms in the metal together (thats why metals are also malleable and ductile.) This means the electrons can move freely throughout the metallic structure. Because metals release negative ions which conduct electricity. The electrons are unrestrained and therefore begin to move around haphazardly when the source imparts kinetic energy into them. This is why electrical wires that carry a lot of current have to be thicker, so electrons have space to move without creating too much heat. Metals such as copper typify conductors, while most non-metallic solids are said to be good insulators, having extremely high resistance to the flow of charge through them.
Metals have lots of "loose" electrons which can easily move around if a voltage is applied ( and in fact also if heat is applied which is why metals are good conductors of heat as well !!). * Though as per Wiedemann–Franz law for metals thermal conductivity (κ) is proportional to the electrical conductivity (σ). In a conductor, electric current can flow freely, in an insulator it cannot. Metals are good conductor of electricity and glass in not because in metals electrons are free to move but in glass there is no mobile of free electrons so glass doesnot conduct electricity . Metals form metallic bonds, where unlike in covalent or ionic bonding, electrons are delocalised. The chemical elements that are considered as very good conductors are as follows: Copper Silver Aluminum Gold Nickel Chromium Iron Magnesium Mercury Titanium Molybdenum In contract, a non conductor -- wood for example - has most of the constituent electrons tightly bound in the atomic and molecular bonds ( which is why wood does not conduct heat either !) This is because the free electrons can move throughout the metal. Thus, metals are good conductors of heat and electricity because there are free moving atoms in metals that carry both heat and electric current.
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